I. Ch1
(1) Definitions /Terminologies (Matching)
a. Universal Grammar
b. Descriptive Grammar
c. Prescriptive Grammar
b. Linguistics
c. Phonetics
d. Phonology
e. Morphology
f. Syntax
h. Semantics
I. Pragmatics
(2)人類語言的三個特徵 (Blank-filling)
a. creativity
b. discreteness
c. displacement
II. Ch5 (期中考考卷跟語言學有關的範圍)
- 這次labio-velar glide [w] 需要分有聲無聲的寫法(沒有按照順序 或 亂加-s 一律算錯)
- 子音填空(place of articulation / manner of articulation
- 子音排列順序（填空)
- 母音排列順序 （填空）
III. Ch2
(1) Definitions/Terminologies
(a) morpheme vs. phoneme
(b) arbitrary (form and meaning)
(c) part of speech(es) / lexical categories
(d) grammatical categories / syntactic categories
(e) content words
(f) function words
a word (such as a preposition, auxiliary verb, or conjunction) that expresses primarily a grammatical relationship
(g) open class
(h) function class
(i) monomorphemic word
(j) bound morphemes vs. free morphemes
- A bound morpheme is a morphological element that can only appear as a proper subpart of a word, i.e. an element which cannot function as an independent word or free morpheme.
(k) syllabic words
(l) affix(es)
(m) prefix(es)
(n) suffix(es)
(o) infix(es)
(p) circumfix(es), e.g., geliebt (ge-t), Je ne sais pas (ne...pas)
(q) root
(r) stem
(s) base
(t) bound root(s)
(u) slips of the tongue
speech errors in which intended utterances are rearranged between other words or sounds.
E.g.
(1) stick in the mud > smuck in the tid (consonant segments exchange) (2) ad hoc > odd hack (vowel segments exchange) (3) unanimity > unamity (syllable deleted) (4) easily enough > easy enoughly (suffix moved) (5) tend to turn out > turn to tend out (words exchange) (6) my sister went to the Grand Canyon > the grand canyon went to my sister (whole phrase exchange)
(
)
(
)
(v) productive
(x) inflectional morpheme(s)
(y) derivational morpheme(s)
(z) reduplication
(aa) case morphology
(ab) ablaut reduplication
https://www.rd.com/culture/ablaut-reduplication/
(ac) suppletion / suppletive form(s)
(ad) umlaut (in German)
https://www.google.com/amp/s/dictionary.cambridge.org/zht/amp/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E8%25AA%259E-%25E6%25BC%25A2%25E8%25AA%259E-%25E7%25B9%2581%25E9%25AB%2594/umlaut
(ae) Grimm's Law (格林法則) https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Grimm%27s%20law
(af) The Great Vowel Shift (母音大變遷/元音大推移) https://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~chaucer/vowels.html http://uegu.blogspot.com/2015/01/blog-post_28.html?m=1
(ag) etymology (字源學/詞源學) https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/etymology
(ah) cognate (n./ a.) (同源字，同源詞，同源的)
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cognate
[Word formation]
1. Acronym (Initialism) 頭字語
2. Abbreviation (Clipping) 縮略語
3. Back-formation 逆向構詞
4. Blending 融合
5. Borrowing (loanwords) 借詞
6. Coinage (Neologism) 新造詞
7. Compounding 複合詞
8. Conversion 轉品 (functional shift)
9. Derivation 衍生詞/派生詞
[Other type(s) of word formation] - Onamotopoeia https://www.etymonline.com/
(2) 中文(Mandarin)的疊字(reduplication)
(a) 動詞舉例 V-V-kan
(b) 動詞舉例 V-kan-kan
(c) (1)&(2)的差別
(d) 動詞舉例 V-N-N
(e) 使用(d)的原因跟解釋
(f) 形容詞舉例 A-A-B
(3) prefix-root-suffix分類
(4) Morphological analysis
舉例：
字首 e.g., pre-
字根 e.g., -ceive-
字尾 e.g., -ness
(5) 課本p.49的圖填空 (morphology分類)
(6) 課本p.48的圖是非題 （inflection vs. derivation)
(7) -gen-的單字
(8) ad-的allomorph 所形成的單字
(9) -fact-,-fect-,-fict-,-feat-,-feas-,-feit-的單字
IV. Ch1, Ch2, Ch5概念題 （選擇）
V. 搭配詞實力題（選擇）
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