Assigned Reading
課本Morphology(全)＋講義範圍
看完W13影片
總複習(1)
Verbal conjugation, suppletion & reduplication (self-study)
What is verbal conjugation?
What is suppletion?
- the occurrence of phonemically unrelated allomorphs of the same morpheme (such as went as the past tense of go or better as the comparative form of good)
- The term suppletion is typically used to refer to the phenomenon whereby regular semantic and/or grammatical relations are encoded by unpredictable formal patterns. Standard illustrations of suppletion in English include the forms of the verb be: am, is, are, was, were, been, the present and past tense forms of the verb go: go, went cf. dance: danced; the degrees of comparison of some adjectives, for instance good: better: best cf. nice: nicer: nicest; finally, the nonderived forms of ordinal numerals from corresponding cardinals such as one: first, two: second, cf. six: sixth.
What is reduplication?
- Reduplication is a word-formation process in which meaning is expressed by repeating all or part of a word.
- The repetition of phonological material within a word for semantic or grammatical purposes is known as reduplication, a widely used morphological device in a number of the world’s languages. The languages classified on the accompanying map are sorted into three categories: languages that do not employ reduplication as a grammatical device, languages that productively employ both partial and full reduplication, and languages that only employ full reduplication.
Full reduplication is the repetition of an entire word, word stem (root with one or more affixes), or root. Examples are Nez Perce (Sahaptian; northwestern United States) full word lexical reduplication: té:mul ‘hail’ vs. temulté:mul ‘sleet’ (Aoki 1963: 43), or Tagalog full root reduplication, shown here with the verbalizing prefix mag-, where the reduplicant isip is identical to the base isip ‘think’: mag-isip ‘to think’ vs. mag-isip-isip ‘to think about seriously.’
Partial reduplication may come in a variety of forms, from simple consonant gemination or vowel lengthening to a nearly complete copy of a base. In Pangasinan (Austronesian; Philippines) various forms of reduplication are used to form plural nouns.
留言