[108-1北商期中考]母音和子音的考點問題

[有任何爭議，以課本/課堂討論過後的結論為主。]

[有問題的話，請在星期二晚上以前提問。星期三我比較沒有時間回答。感謝！]

[課本上的gloss沒有的單字（專有名詞），如果需要我提供解釋，請寄信跟我說。]

[同學上課提到的問題]

(考題類型的問題）

1. Terminologies就是名詞解釋（定義），所以期中考會考默寫。

另外，請勿再詢問定義可不可以用自己的話寫。請按照課本的內容背。如果自己寫的內容不精準，也不會有分數。

2. Tense/Lax的母音表會給單字，寫出左邊的音標[記得要加中括號]

Note: {} - curly brackets [] - square brackets () - parentheses

(語言學內容的問題: Ch1 & Ch5 & Gloss)

1. 根據課本p.214, [p], [t], [k]跟[]都有分aspirated跟unaspirated

所以這次考試的送氣音(aspiration)主要會出[p], [t], [k]。

其他的原來就是送氣的音，可以選擇寫或不寫。

E.g. [f] = voiceless labiodental (aspirated) fricative consonant

2. [w]是voiced labio-velar consonant (也就是需要發音時會接觸到lips & velum)，因此這次考試寫哪一個都沒關係。 3. 三個雙母音只要寫Tense vowel即可。

(考點）

請注意！！不是只會出WIX上的題目，而是提供給各位一些（不是全部）準備的方向，以及回答同學提問的問題。

請務必要自己把第一章和第五章的範圍念完。不要想依靠別人的筆記，或是用猜考點的方式。專業科目如果不自己消化理解吸收是沒有用的。

1. Tense/Lax 會出p. 208的表

E.g. Please write the phonetic symbol for the following words.

[ ] beat => 填入[ i ] beat

2. 母音(height, advancement, rounding, tense/lax, vowel)

[High-Front]

[i]: high front unrounded tense vowel E.g. see, diva

[ɪ]: high front unrounded lax vowel E.g. hit

[High-Central]

N/A

[High-Back]

[u]: high back rounded tense vowel E.g. ooze, prune

[ʊ]: high back rounded lax vowel E.g. put, book

[Mid-Front]

[ɛ]: mid front unrounded lax vowel E.g. bet, head

[Mid-Central]

[ʌ]: mid central unrounded lax vowel (stressed in English) E.g. cut, love

[ə]: mid central unrounded lax vowel (unstressed in English) "schwa" E.g. about, sofa

[Mid-back]

[o]: mid back rounded tense vowel E.g. go, hope, boat

[Low-Front]

[æ] low front unrounded lax vowel E.g. cat, laugh, plaid

[Low-Central]

[ɑ]: low central unrounded tense vowel; often written E.g. [a]spa

3. 子音 (voicing, place of articulation, (aspiration), manner of articulation, consonant)

Bilabials:

[b]: voiced bilabial stop consonant E.g. bib

[p]: voiceless bilabial stop consonant E.g. pep

[w]: voiced bilabial glide consonant E.g. witch

Nasals:

[m] voiced bilabial nasal stop consonant E.g. mom Note: 這次考試可以省略bilabial和stop

[n]: voiced alveolar nasal stop consonant E.g. nurse Note: 這次考試可以省略stop

Labiodentals:

[f]: voiceless labiodental fricative consonant E.g. fife, laugh

[v]: voiced labiodental fricative consonant E.g. vase, vivacious

Interdentals:

[θ]: voiceless interdental fricative E.g. thing, myth

Alveolars:

[t]: voiceless alveolar stop consonant E.g. top

[d]: voiced alveolar stop consonant E.g. desktop

[s]: voiceless alveolar fricative consonant E.g. snake

[z]: voiced alveolar fricative consonant E.g. zebra

[r]: voiced alveolar (central) liquid consonant E.g. race

[l]: voiced alveolar (lateral) liquid consonant E.g. lip

Palatals:

[ʃ]: voiceless palatal fricative consonant E.g. ship, push, delicious

[j]: voiced palatal glide consonant E.g. you

Velars:

[k]: voiceless velar stop consonant E.g. kick, cake

[g]: voiced velar stop consonant E.g. gag

[w]: voiced velar glide consonant E.g. witch

Glottals:

[h]: voiceless glottal fricative consonant E.g. hit

4. Terminologies (課本沒有gloss的單字或名詞解釋)

(a.) diphthong

a vowel sound made by pronouncing two vowels quickly one after the other. (Diphthong. (2019). In Longman dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.ldoceonline.com/Linguistics-topic/diphthong)

5. 音標

phonetics [fənetɪks]

phonology [fənɑlədʒi]

morphology [mɔrfɑlədʒi]

syntax [sɪntæks]

semantics [sɪmæntɪks]

pragmatics [præɡmætɪks]